荒漠灌丛土壤动物分布及其生态功能

在干旱、半干旱荒漠生态系统中,灌丛作为一种重要的植被类型,其独特的形态和生理适应特性能够有效促进退化生态系统结构与功能的恢复。土壤动物是荒漠生态系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分,对促进灌丛"肥岛"演变具有重要的生态作用,有利于灌丛生态功能的发挥及退化生态系统的恢复。近年来,国内外学者对荒漠灌丛微生境土壤动物的研究逐步深入,取得大量的研究成果。在此基础上,首先综述荒漠灌丛微生境土壤动物群落分布和生态功能,总结灌丛与土壤动物分布间作用关系的数学模型,针对荒漠灌丛土壤动物研究中存在的问题提出了未来可能的研究方向和建议。     

A protein in rat prostatic interacting with androgen regulated gene

2M NaCl-insoluble fraction of rat ventral prostatechromatin(residual proteins)contain proteins able tointeract specifically with androgen-receptor complex andis,therefore,a part of the acceptor complex.Amongresidual proteins,a 97 KDa protein has been found whichbinds signifieantly to a genomic fragment containingan androgen-regulated gene coding for a 22 KDa protein.The biological significance of this binding in androgenaction need to be further studied. A mini-plasmid clone containing 22 KDa proteincoding sequence was cloned into Charon 4A genomiclibrary from which a 5.7 Kb genomic fragment wasisolated,identified by hybridization with a 5' and a 3'cDNA probes,and shown to contain the 5' flankingsequence.Restriction enzyme treatment of this fragmentyielded a 4.7 Kb restriction fragment representingthe 5' upstream region and a 1.0 Kb containing part ofthe coding sequence.Deletion studies indicated that the97 KDa protein bound only to a subclone of about 300 bpsegment.Furthermore,gel shifting experiment supportedits DNA-prptein binding.     

Breeding-site productivity of the swamp forest mosquitoes Mansonia bonneae and Ma.dives in Sarawak, East Malaysia

Studies on larval population densities and adult emergence rates of the Brugian filariasis vectors Mansonia bonneae Edwards and Ma. dives Schiner were conducted in freshwater swamp forest bordering the Sadong River, Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia, during 1984-85. Three species of aquatic host-plants in the Family Araceae were identified as supporting immature stages of the Ma. bonneae/dives complex. Proportions of positive plants were 4.7%, 6.5% and 3.4% with 6.4 +/- 2.6, 7.3 +/- 2.8 and 10.1 +/- 1.1 larvae per positive plant, respectively, for the plant species Homalomena cordata Schott, H. rostrata Griffiths and Hydrostemma motleyi (Hook. f.) Mabberley. These data indicate no significant preferences between the three types of host-plant. Detailed monitoring of the host-plant H. cordata revealed no significant monthly fluctuations in larval density per plant nor the proportion of positive plants. 11.6% of larvae were Ma. dives and 88.4% were Ma. bonneae. Mean daily yields of Ma. bonneae/dives adults per square metre of H. cordata vegetated water surface were 0.45 males plus 0.57 females during the wet season (December-February) compared with 0.2 males plus 0.31 females during the dry season (June-August). Thus output of adults per plant was approximately halved, and suitable breeding areas were further reduced, during the dry season. By extrapolation from these rates, a crude mean estimate for productivity of Ma. bonneae/dives females is 1.6 million per hectare per annum in swamp forest habitats vegetated with any of the host-plants studied.     

利用Ecopath模型评价鲢鳙放养对千岛湖生态系统的影响

“保水渔业”是中国控制"水华"暴发等生态灾变的措施之一，其结果存在较大的不确定性。在浙江省的新安江水库（千岛湖），"保水渔业"的实施带来了水质改善和渔业增产的双重效果。但在生态系统自组织层面，这种人工干预手段引起的生态系统结构化效应的研究，尚未真正展开。基于2008-2010年千岛湖的生态和渔业资源调查数据，应用EwE （V6.6）构建了2010年千岛湖生态系统的Ecopath模型，并将其与2004和2016年的模型进行对照，分析了千岛湖生态系统在鲢、鳙鱼放养下的变化。千岛湖生态系统在3个年份均为4个整合营养级，营养能流分布成典型的金字塔型，且营养流总量中流向碎屑的占比很大，营养级Ⅰ、Ⅱ的能量被利用得不够充分；除鲢、鳙鱼外大部分鱼类的生物量逐渐下降，浮游植物和碎屑的生物量增多；系统的初级生产力和规模得到了一定提升，但总体的能量转换效率有所降低。在一些和系统成熟度、复原力和稳定性密切相关的参数方面，总初级生产量/总呼吸量增加，Finn氏循环指数和Finn氏平均路径长度逐渐降低，3个年份的连接指数（CI）分别为0.223、0.219、0.263，系统杂食指数（SOI）分别为0.087、0.102和0.131。研究分析表明，长期的鲢、鳙鱼放养使千岛湖的食物网结构发生了较大的变动，生态系统的营养交互关系不够复杂，成熟度和稳定性有所下降。千岛湖作为一个由水库发展而来的淡水水体，食物网关系本身就较为简单。因此，未来需要避免过多的人为干扰，并基于生态学原理更系统地进行修复工作。     

The double cloak of invisibility: phenotypic plasticity and larval decoration in a geometrid moth,Synchlora frondaria,across three diet treatments

Abstract 1. Crypsis is one of the main defences that insects use to avoid predators, and both the juveniles and adults of many geometrid moths are remarkable in their ability to blend into different host backgrounds. The larvae of Synchlora frondaria have two methods to achieve crypsis: phenotypic plasticity in colouration that enable them to hide more effectively on their host plants, and a self‐decorating behaviour whereby the larvae camouflage themselves with materials from their host plants. 2. Larvae of Synchlora frondaria reared on three different host plants showed systematic differences in relative growth rate, survivorship and larval colouration. 3. Larval colouration varied across diet treatments in a way that was consistent with diet‐induced phenotypic plasticity, and larvae also exhibited characteristic decorating behaviour on all three hosts. 4. Larvae showed highest survivorship on Heterotheca subaxillaris (Asteraceae), and had significantly higher relative growth rates on H. subaxillaris (Asteraceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) than on Bejaria racemosa (Ericaceae). 5. Synchlora frondaria provides an example of a species where both decorating behaviour and phenotypic plasticity in larval colouration produce a cryptic form that is remarkably responsive to its background.     

H.pylori可塑区tfs3a分泌系统virB2基因功能

目的对virB2基因编码蛋白进行分析,为virB2基因及其编码蛋白功能提供实验依据。方法利用多种生物学软件以及网站对VirB2蛋白的结构和功能进行分析预测,VirB2蛋白序列通过基因推导获得并由生物公司合成,然后通过免疫动物实验制备鼠抗VirB2蛋白多克隆抗体,同时设计进行VirB2蛋白细胞毒试验(MTT法)。结果virB2基因编码蛋白属于疏水性蛋白,为鞭毛样结构,有较强的细胞毒作用。结论对VirB2蛋白的结构和功能进行了分析预测,证明VirB2蛋白在H.pylori相关的致病性特别是引起胃黏膜炎症方面起到一定的作用,能够为研究H.pylori致病机制提供帮助。     

金双歧辅助治疗小儿扁桃体炎的随访观察

目的探讨通过随访观察金双歧辅助治疗小儿扁桃体炎患儿的远期效果。方法选取2013年1月至2014年7月在本院儿科住院诊断为扁桃体炎患儿300例,采用随机数字表法,按入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组,对照组常规给予抗生素(包括抗病毒药)和(或)对症治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,给予金双歧口服辅助治疗,出院后继续服用金双歧4周;两组患儿分别在出院后1个月、2个月、3个月均进行电话随访,3个月后均通过家庭访视进行观察,比较两组患儿出院后发生呼吸道感染和肠道感染的差异。结果观察组患儿在出院后3个月内呼吸道感染和肠道感染的发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论出院扁桃体炎患儿继续服用金双歧,可提高患儿机体免疫力,降低呼吸道和肠道感染的发生率;随访为观察患儿出院后健康状态,进行健康指导以及收集资料的重要手段。     

Decreased glucocorticoid induction of brain glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase following transplacental carcinogenesis with ethylnitrosourea

Abstract— Glutamine transaminase from rat brain was shown to occur in the mitochondrial fraction, whereas the ω-amidase was shown to occur in the soluble fraction. Both enzymes were also found to be widely distributed throughout human brain tissue. Specific activities for the glutamine transaminase and ω-amidase in the parietal cortex of one individual at 5 h post mortem were 8 and 53 μmol per hour per gram of tissue, respectively. Rat brain glutamine transaminase was shown to be identical to that of the liver mitochondrial enzyme. Improved assays for glutamine transaminase and ω-amidase activities in crude tissue homogenates are described. The possible physiological importance of glutamine transaminase and its potential role in the encephalopathy of hepatic disease are discussed.